Browse Search Feedback Other Links Home Home

The Talk.Origins Archive: Exploring the Creation/Evolution Controversy

Feedback for June 2004

Feedback Letter
From:
Comment:
Response
From:
Response: Or, you can lead an antievolutionist to evidence but you can't make them think…

As for reconstructing fossil organisms from fragmentary remains this is possible because of a knowledge of comparative anatomy which allows us to make educated guesses about the missing parts based on what is available. While this generally works pretty well it is of course not a perfect process, and reconstructions based upon partial skeletons, shells, etc. should be (and are by paleontologists) considered to be hypotheses to be tested by (hopefully) finding more, and more complete, material.

Interestingly the "father" of comparative anatomy (and paleontology), and the man who began the practice of reconstructing fossil organisms from fragmentary remains using its principles, was Georges Cuvier (1769-1832).

Cuvier was a creationist and a catastrophist, not an evolutionist.

So we can put the blame for starting this "insidious" practice upon creationists just as we can blame them for the idea that there is a progressive pattern to the fossil record and that intermediate fossil forms exist.

More links:

Claim CC401 from the Archive's Index to Creationist Claims by Mark Isaak

Here is an example of a reconstruction of an Australopithecus afarensis based on fragmentary fossil finds, note the careful language used here.

Feedback Letter
From:
Comment:
Feedback Letter
From:
Comment:
Feedback Letter
From:
Comment:
Feedback Letter
From:
Comment:
Feedback Letter
From:
Comment:
Response
From:
Response: Yes this is a hoax. The photograph used comes from a computer altered photograph contest.
Feedback Letter
From:
Comment:
Response
From:
Response: To say that free will cannot come from non-free chemical histories is like saying big things cannot be made from submicroscopic atoms. There is no justification for your conclusion except incredulity. Combining things usually does not change their overall character so drastically, so some skepticism is warranted. But such synergistic effects do happen, so the claim of impossibility is not justified.

Probably you believe that plants do not have free will, so they can arise from chemicals (or at least your argument does not prevent it). But if living plants are possible, what about corals? Snails? Beetles? Lizards? Dogs? Chimpanzees? I see no place to make a qualitative distinction. Far from it being impossible, it seems to me that there is a gradual route from the pure chemistry of a simple cell to such a highly developed animation that we experience ourselves.

Feedback Letter
From:
Comment:
Response
From:
Response: Are you sure it's not the other way around? I do know Hovind has the IRS fired up.
Feedback Letter
From:
Comment:
Feedback Letter
Comment:
Response
From:
Response: [I like the way this feedback's author begins with what amounts to a claim to be unbiased, then complains about bias, and finishes by repeatedly bashing evolution and praising creationism. It has a nice symmetry of sorts.]

Sir/Madam,

I cannot speak for the other authors & volunteers, but I have in my personal library over three hundred books and pamphlets written from a creationist/antievolutionist perspective (and going all the way back to the 19th century), and they are all full of pseudoscience, bunk, and hokum (see the Archive for numerous examples). It seems to me that this IS in fact the "REAL Creationist Idea".

Of course if you are aware of some creationist or antievolutionist book I do not already own, which is any different, do please tell me what it is.

As for creationism's agreement with science or supposed flaws with evolution, why don't you try being specific as to what those agreements and flaws are. It is easy to throw out vague generalities. Backing them up with specifics is another story.

By the way, how many mainstream evolutionary biology or paleontology books do you own? Given that we are "oh-so-ignorant" it must be whole lot.

Feedback Letter
From:
Comment:
Feedback Letter
From:
Comment:
Response
From:
Response: An interesting question. The standard answer - given by Peter Medawar - is that symbionts are long-standing pathogens of a species, which have, over time, evolved to become "commensual" and benign. Medwar thought that selection would tend to increase the duration in which the pathogen and its descendants could exploit the host's resources until they were mutually beneficial.

Recently, a masterful book entitled Evolution of Infectious Disease argued well that this need not be the case. Medawar's theory relies upon a coincidence of the genetic interests of the pathogen and those of the host being roughly similar. But if a disease or parasite is able to spread rapidly or use many species as hosts, then the interests of the disease/parasite are best served by exploiting the host to the maximum rapidly and moving on, even if the host dies. So only when transmission is slow will commensuality evolve. This has implications for diseases like AIDS, incidentally.

Another kind of symbiosis is the more equal variety, such as is found in lichens, which are an instance of mutualism. In this case two organisms that each generate products the other one can use evolve in a process known as "coevolution", adapting to each other and fitter together than apart. The nitrogen fixing nodules of bacteria that grow around tree roots are another instance.

A third case is endosymbiosis, in which one organism "captures" another kind, possibly in attempting to eat it, only to find that it survives and adapts until the two are effectively one. Cell organelles like mitochondria and choroplasts are thought to have evolved in this way, according to the theory of Lynn Margulis.

Feedback Letter
From:
Comment:
Feedback Letter
From:
Comment:
Feedback Letter
Comment:
Response
From:
Response: "I'm a sociology major working towards my bachelor's degree in psychology, so even though I've had a fair amount of biology,I never actually studied the specifics of evolution - the how, why, where, etc etc."

I was in an extremely interdisciplinary undergraduate program (30+ years ago) so I know that a sociology major could seek a psychology degree. But it is odd for most readers. The only evolutionary question that is generating scientific discussion is the "how." There are simple answers to the "why?" (there is no why, it is the nature of the universe), "where?" (here and now).

I am glad you like the site, and have found it useful.

Feedback Letter
From:
Comment:
Feedback Letter
From:
Comment:
Response
From:
Response: Clocks don't develop from teeny-tiny clocks that consist of a single cog.

Digital watches don't replicate.

Your analogies are lacking these rather critical elements. Organisms certainly do change their size liberally throughout development, all while retaining function. They also make copies of themselves from simpler components. Your analogies, if they had any validity at all, would imply that people can't reproduce and that babies can't grow up.

Feedback Letter
From:
Comment:
Response
From:
Response: No, neither is true so no it doesn't affect evolutionary theory. These are a couple of examples of the many antievolutionist nonsense arguments that do not seem to want to die no matter how many times they are refuted.

See:

A Closer Look at Some Biochemical Data that "Support" Creation by Frank T. Awbrey and William M. Thwaites

The Bullfrog Affair by David Wise

And look here for a similar article by Harlequin

Feedback Letter
From:
Comment:
Feedback Letter
Comment:
Response
From:
Response: The universe is only about 13 billion years old, dating from the Big Bang. Give it time.

Some people suggest that we live in an oscillating universe, in which our universe is restored either by eventually collapsing in on itself (the "Big Crunch") or colliding with another universe. The second law may not even apply in these cases. Another hypothesis is that new universes are being generated constantly, and our universe is just one of them. Yet another hypothesis is that a universe does not need anything to start it.

Our scientific laws, including thermodynamics and cause and effect, are based on what we observe, which is but a small portion of the universe. We cannot guarantee that they apply everywhere and everywhen within this universe, much less outside it.

Feedback Letter
From:
Comment:
Feedback Letter
From:
Comment:
Response
From:
Author of: Evolution and Philosophy
Response: You might like to read through some of my FAQ on evolution and philosophy.

As to the question of moral culpability and biology, this is not just an issue if evolution is true. It is an issue if genetics is true, developmental biology is true, and if, indeed physics is true. And it is not an issue of evolutionary theory, but an issue of moral philosophy.

Moral issues occur no matter what physical sciences are true - to some degree what we do is constrained or determined by our physical nature. Any answer that can be given to deal with this applies, mutatis mutandis to all sciences.

Because it's not an issue of evolutionary biology, it really is not something we can defend here. Everyone must make up their own mind how to deal with determinism and moral responsibility; the actual science is just the problem-poser. And the issues are formally the same as when the determinism was God's foreknowledge of our actions, as if it is physical determinism. So it really has no place on this website.

However, I can recommend some texts on ethical philosophy that deal with the general problems if you'd like to contact me directly. In particular, I recommend Bernard Williams' Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy and his book on Utilitarianism: For and Against coauthored as a debate with Jack Smart.

Previous
May 2004
Up
2004 Feedback
Next
July 2004
Home Browse Search Feedback Other Links

Home Page | Browse | Search | Feedback | Links