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Index to Creationist Claims,  edited by Mark Isaak,    Copyright © 2004
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Claim CB400:

Evolution cannot explain consciousness or free will.

Source:

Johnson, Phillip, 1990. Evolution as dogma: The establishment of naturalism. First Things, Oct. 1990, 15-22. http://www.arn.org/docs/johnson/pjdogma1.htm

Response:

  1. This is an argument from ignorance. Not knowing an explanation does not mean an explanation is impossible. And since we are barely beginning to understand what consciousness is, it is not surprising that we would not have its origin worked out yet.

    In fact, preliminary explanations for the origin of consciousness have been proposed, although they are too complicated to try to summarize here (see Dennett 1991 and Minsky 1985). Much more experimentation and refinement is needed before we have a full-fledged theory of the origin of consciousness, but we have more than enough to know that such a theory is possible.

  2. A factor that likely contributes to the claim of consciousness's inexplicability is the fact that many people do not want a naturalistic explanation of consciousness, since a natural consciousness does not fit easily with a divine soul. This threatens people's desire for a divine origin and immortality (but see Dennett 1991, 430, for immortality of a naturalistic consciousness). An examination of this point alone could fill a book. However, suffice it to say,
    1. There is much evidence -- from genetic predispositions of behavior and personality, from brain injury studies, from brain imaging of healthy people -- that consciousness is naturalistic now. A natural origin would not matter much beyond that.
    2. What we want has no bearing on what really is.

References:

  1. Dennett, Daniel C., 1991. Consciousness Explained. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
  2. Minsky, M., 1985. The Society of Mind. New York: Simon & Schuster.

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created 2003-6-25